Postoperative recovery after removal of a lower third molar: role of trait and dental anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate trait and dental anxiety influence on postoperative recovery after lower third molar surgery and to determine the effect of anxiety on surgery duration. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was performed of 145 patients who underwent lower third molar extractions. Dental anxiety was evaluated using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Kleinknecht Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and the state anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Trait anxiety was measured with the trait anxiety scale of the STAI. Surgery duration, postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus were also recorded. RESULTS: Patients with high trait anxiety showed more pain according to all of the postoperative measures and to a significant degree in the last 2 postoperative days evaluated. Patients with high dental anxiety had greater trismus according to the DAS and to the dental stimuli dimension of the DFS. The average surgery time was higher in patients with high anxiety, for all of the measures used, although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Patients with high trait or dental anxiety may tend to require longer surgery times and have poorer postoperative recovery.

Papel de la experiencia en la aceptación vs. rechazo del paciente con ezquizofrenia / The role of experiencie on acceptance vs. rejection of the patient with schizophrenia

En esta investigación se analiza la influencia que pueden tener distintos tipos y grados de experiencia con la enfermedad mental en la aceptación vs. rechazo del paciente con esquizofrenia.Participaron en el estudio 236 estudiantes universitarios que cumplimentaron una escala de distancia social relacionada con una viñeta en la que se describe un episodio psicótico de un paciente (hombre o mujer) con esquizofrenia y una escala que evalúa distintos tipos y grados de experiencia con la enfermedad mental y el paciente mental. Los resultados muestran que losdiferentes tipos y grados de experiencia con la enfermedad mental influyen en la aceptación vs. rechazo del paciente con esquizofrenia. La experiencia indirecta se asoció con mayor rechazo social que la experiencia directa.

This research analyzes the influence of different types and degrees of experience with mental illness regarding acceptance vs. rejection of mental disorders and of the patient with schizophrenia. 236 university students were involved in the study by filling a social distance scale related with a vignette describing a psychotic episode of a patient (man or woman) withschizophrenia and a scale assessing different types and degrees of experience with mental illness and mental patients. Results show differences regarding both the type and degree of experience with regard to the social distance to the patient with schizophrenia. Indirect experience was significantly associated with higher social rejection than direct experience.

Attitudes of university students towards people with paranoid schizophrenia.

To study attitudes towards persons with paranoid schizophrenia of first- and final-year university students taking three different majors, Link's Social Distance Scale, modified to relate to several vignettes presenting different descriptions of a patient with paranoid schizophrenia, was administered to 617 university students ages 18 to 29 years (M = 21.1, SD = 2.6). 423 were women and 194 men. Analysis indicates fourth year psychology majors reported the greatest acceptance of persons with paranoid schizophrenia. The most efficient vignette in diminishing rejection of the portrayed patient included information on the patient's psychosocial rehabilitation status. University students' attitudes appear to vary with the training they receive and the kind of information they have about the patient.

Dental anxiety before removal of a third molar and association with general trait anxiety.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate dental anxiety in patients consulting for third molar removal, and to assess possible relationships with general trait anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental anxiety was measured using Corah's Anxiety Scale (DAS), the Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and the state anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Trait anxiety was measured with the trait anxiety scale of the STAI. RESULTS: Trait anxiety showed significant positive correlations with both DAS score and DFS score. The 3 measures of dental anxiety all showed significant positive correlations with each other. The difference between men and women was only statistically significant in the case of trait anxiety. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that trait anxiety may be a useful predictor of a patient's predisposition to dental anxiety.

Construcción y análisis psicométrico de un cuestionario de evaluación de los medios de transporte público / Construction and psychometric analysis of a questionnaire for the evaluation of public transportation

El objetivo central del presente trabajo consistió en la construcción y análisis psicométrico de un cuestionario para la evaluación del sistema de autobuses urbanos por medio de sus usuarios. Se realizaron dos estudios. En el primero, se partió de un cuestionario inicial compuesto por 25 ítems. El análisis psicométrico permitió reducir el número de ítems a tan solo 16. En el segundo estudio, que fue realizado con una muestra representativa de la población urbana gallega, se encontró que los 16 ítems se agrupaban en 6 factores estadísticos en los que aparecen recogidos los siguientes aspectos relevantes del sistema de autobuses urbanos: paradas de autobús, información al usuario, cumplimiento de horarios, profesionalidad de los conductores, suficiencia del servicio, estado de los autobuses, acondicionamiento para poblaciones especiales y satisfacción con el servicio. La consistencia interna fue de .8410 y la validez de .68. (AU)

The aim of this work has been the construction and psychometric analysis of a questionnaire for the evaluation of the urban bus system from the user perspective. Two studies have been carried out. In the first study, an initial version of the questionnaire with 25 items was administered. Through psychometric analysis the number of items was reduced to 16. A representative sample of the urban Galician population participate in the second study. It has been found that those 16 items could be grouped into 6 statistical factors, which comprise the following urban bus system relevant aspects: bus stops, information to users, timetable fulfilment, bus-drivers’ professionality, service sufficiency, buses condition, special populations conditioning, and service satisfaction. Scale internal consistency and validity values were .8410 and .68, respectively (AU)

Problemas semánticos en la adaptación del poms al castellano / Spanish adaptation of the Profile of Mood States (POMS)

El POMS (McNair, Lorr y Droppleman, 1971) es una lista compuesta originalmente por 65 adjetivos, destinados a medir siete factores de estado de ánimo: Tensión, Depresión, Cólera, Vigor, Fatiga, Confusión y Amistad. Aunque ha sido diseñado para el ámbito clínico, su uso se ha extendido a otras áreas de la Psicología. Los resultados más concluyentes con el cuestionario provienen de las muestras que son comparables en edad y nivel educativo con los estudiantes universitarios de Estados Unidos. En este estudio se ha llevado a cabo la traducción del POMS al castellano y una primera aplicación a una muestra de 374 estudiantes universitarios. El análisis psicométrico de los datos ha revelado que algunos de los adjetivos han sido interpretados por los sujetos como indicadores de un estado de ánimo diferente al que originalmente les correspondía, siendo el factor Confusión el más difícil de replicar (AU)

The POMS is a 65-item, adjective rating scale for the measurement of seven mood states labelled Tension, Depression, Anger, Vigor, Fatigue, Confusion and Friendliness. Although it has been designed for clinical settings, his use has become popular in other Psychological areas. The most concluyent results with the POMS come from samples which are comparable to those of the United States university students in terms of age and educational level. The aim of this study has been the translation and a preliminary administration of the scale to a 374 Spanish university students’ sample. The psychometric analysis revealed that, relative to the original description of each mood state, some of the adjectives have lost their original meaning and have been associated to a different mood factor. One of the seven POMS scales, Confusion, was not replicated successfully (AU)

Comparación de modelos de evaluación del servicio de autobús urbano para usuarios reales y potenciales / No disponible

El objetivo central de la presente investigación consistió en comparar la estructura factorial de dos escalas construidas para juzgar las actitudes y opiniones de las personas sobre el autobús, como principal sistema de transporte público urbano. Se utilizó una muestra representativa de la población urbana de la Comunidad Autónoma Gallega. El análisis psicométrico permite concluir que ambas escalas tienen una estructura factorial semejante, con cualidades psicométricas aceptables. Existe, además, una coincidencia en la opinión mostrada por usuarios habituales del sistema de autobuses y usuarios potenciales, descubriéndose que estos últimos utilizan estereotipos al formular juicios sobre el autobús (AU)

Urban bus system: comparison between users and potential users evaluation models. The main objective of the actual investigation consist on the comparison of structure factors of two scales, which have been established to judge the opinions of the public about the bus as the most important means of urban transport. For this, a representative sample of the urban population of the Galician Autonomous Community was used. The psychometric analysis allows us to get to the conclusion that both scales have a similar scaling factor with acceptable psychometric characteristics. Moreover, there is a coincidence of opinion exposed by the regular and potential bus users, discovering that the latter used these stereotypes when formulating an opinion about the bus (AU)